新東方網>BBC>BBC英語教學>潮流英語>隨身英語>正文

        人類早期記憶的謎團

        2016-11-04 11:44

        來源:BBC

        作者:

        隨身英語

        The mystery of our earliest memories 人類早期記憶的謎團

        童年期遺忘的謎團過去一個世紀以來一直困惑著科學家們。為什么在人類的幼兒期,一個充滿體驗和學習新事物的階段,卻被許多難以理解的事物而籠罩?本期《隨身英語》探索可能導致我們遺忘幼兒時期經歷的原因。

        課文內容

        詞匯: 記憶

        What is your earliest memory? For me, I have a hazy recollection of standing in a leafy garden surrounded by silver birch trees when I was four years old.

        I'm around average: some people remember events as far back as two years old, while for others, things seem patchy until seven or eight.

        But what is consistent is that no one can remember their own birth or very early infancy. And even after the first memory, most of us only have a sporadic collection of fleeting, flickering mental images until much later in childhood.

        The phenomenon is known as 'childhood amnesia', a term coined by the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. So, what's going on here?

        Babies are, writes Zaria Gorvett for BBC Future, "sponges for new information, forming 700 new neural connections every second and wielding language-learning skills to make the most accomplished polyglot green with envy".

        And it's precisely this rapid mental development that causes the problem, according to a study by the University of Toronto in 2014. It found that the high rate of infant brain cell production could increase forgetfulness, because new cells interfere with existing mental circuits.

        Another possible explanation is that the part of the brain that stores memories, the hippocampus, is not fully formed until around 18 months. Identity is also important: tests show infants don't recognise themselves in the mirror until they are around two years old.

        Finally, there's the question of how accurate our early memories are at all. "People can pick up suggestions and begin to visualise them - they become like memories," psychologist Elizabeth Loftus told the BBC. Are our cherished first memories really just family stories?

        詞匯表

        hazy 模糊的、不清晰的
        recollection 記憶,往事
        silver birch 白樺樹
        patchy 零零碎碎的,拼湊起來的
        infancy 嬰兒期、年幼時候
        sporadic 零星的,分散的
        fleeting 一閃而過的,短暫的
        amnesia 失憶,健忘(癥)
        to coin 創造,杜撰(新詞或表達)
        psychoanalysis 精神分析學
        sponge 像海綿般地吸收(信息)
        neural 神經的
        to wield 施加影響
        accomplished 有造詣的,有才華的
        polyglot 通曉多種語言的人
        green with envy 非常羨慕,十分忌妒
        forgetfulness 健忘
        to interfere 干預,干涉
        to visualise 設想,想象
        cherished 珍惜的,珍愛的

        測驗與練習

        1.  閱讀課文并回答問題。

        1. Why can't people remember the first years of their lives? 

        2. What does it mean to be a 'sponge for new information'?

        3. True or false? Babies are accomplished polyglots.

        4. Which word means 'very green and covered in plants'?

        5. Why might our earliest memories actually be false?

        2.  請你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處

        1. My memory of the party is a bit _________. 

        flickering         patched         hazy         amnesia

        2. _________ don't form lasting memories.

        Childhood         Infant         Infancy         Infants

        3. Brian is very _________. He can't remember what he ate for lunch!

        forgetful         forgetfulness         forgettable         forgotten

        4. Wang Li is like a _________. She learned how to use HTML in a week.

        psychoanalyst         sponge         hippocampus         polyglot

        5. People say that if you can _________ success, it makes you more likely to be successful.

        coin         interfere with         visualise         wield

        答案

        1.  閱讀課文并回答問題。

        1. Why can't people remember the first years of their lives?
        Three reasons are given. Firstly, in the first years of our lives our brains are growing so fast that new brain cells interfere with existing mental circuits. Secondly, the hippocampus is not fully formed until 18 months old. Thirdly, babies don't develop a sense of identity until around two years old.

        2. What does it mean to be a 'sponge for new information'?
        Being a 'sponge' means you acquire a lot of new information very quickly, the same way a sponge fills with water.

        3. True or false? Babies are accomplished polyglots.
        False. Although babies learn languages very fast, an 'accomplished polyglot' is someone who has learned several languages to a very high level.

        4. Which word means 'very green and covered in plants'?
        Leafy.

        5. Why might our earliest memories actually be false?
        According to Elizabeth Loftus, people pick up suggestions and visualise them - this makes these mental images seem like memories.

        2. 請你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處

        1. My memory of the party is a bit hazy.

        2. Infants don't form lasting memories.

        3. Brian is very forgetful. He can't remember what he ate for lunch!

        4. Wang Li is like a sponge. She learned how to use HTML in a week.

        5. People say that if you can visualise success, it makes you more likely to be successful.

        資料下載

        • 七年級上、下冊英語詞匯

          3342次下載 點擊下載
        • 八年級上、下冊英語詞匯

          2621次下載 點擊下載
        • 九年級全冊英語單詞表

          4734次下載 點擊下載
        • 中考英語1600個詞匯手冊

          1854次下載 點擊下載
        • 高考英語詞匯必備3500

          1391次下載 點擊下載
        • 新概念英語1-4冊全套教材

          1391次下載 點擊下載
        名稱名稱
        300次下載

        微信掃碼關注"新東方網"服務號

        回復""立刻獲取!

        猜你喜歡

        • 聽力
        • 口語
        • 閱讀
        • 娛樂
        • 詞匯
        • 寫作

                  新東方英語輔導專區

                  班級名稱 上課地點 上課時間 費用 詳細

                  焦點推薦

                  版權及免責聲明

                  凡本網注明"稿件來源:新東方"的所有文字、圖片和音視頻稿件,版權均屬新東方教育科技集團(含本網和新東方網) 所有,任何媒體、網站或個人未經本網協議授權不得轉載、鏈接、轉貼或以其他任何方式復制、發表。已經本網協議授權的媒體、網站,在下載使用時必須注明"稿件來源:新東方",違者本網將依法追究法律責任。

                  本網未注明"稿件來源:新東方"的文/圖等稿件均為轉載稿,本網轉載僅基于傳遞更多信息之目的,并不意味著贊同轉載稿的觀點或證實其內容的真實性。如其他媒體、網站或個人從本網下載使用,必須保留本網注明的"稿件來源",并自負版權等法律責任。如擅自篡改為"稿件來源:新東方",本網將依法追究法律責任。

                  如本網轉載稿涉及版權等問題,請作者見稿后在兩周內速來電與新東方網聯系,電話:010-60908555。

                  主站蜘蛛池模板: 中文字幕一区日韩精品| 日韩精品免费电影| 日韩精品福利在线| 婷婷丁香五月中文字幕| 欧美电影一区二区三区| 日韩精品久久久久久| 性欧美丰满熟妇XXXX性久久久| 无码aⅴ精品一区二区三区| 大量精子注入波多野结衣| 国产精品一区二区久久不卡| 国产精品亚韩精品无码a在线| 国产乱子伦手机在线| 亚洲黄色免费看| 久久婷婷久久一区二区三区| fc2免费人成为视频| 国产精品乳摇在线播放| 黄页网站在线播放| 男人操心女人的视频| 欧美最猛性xxxxx免费| 无翼少无翼恶女漫画全彩app| 国产视频一区在线| 国产日韩一区二区三区在线观看| 全高清特级毛片| 久久综合九色综合欧美狠狠| t66y最新地址| 青草久久精品亚洲综合专区| 欧美波霸影院在线观看| 欧美国产综合在线| 日本精品一区二区三区视频| 国产萌白酱在线一区二区| 国产一级在线观看| 国产无套露脸大学生视频| 国产精品兄妹在线观看麻豆| 加勒比色综合久久久久久久久| 五月婷婷丁香色| aⅴ精品无码无卡在线观看| 韩国本免费一级毛片免费| 欧美精品九九99久久在免费线| 日本一区免费观看| 国产色在线com| 再深点灬舒服灬太大了添网站|