英語中的不定式（to + 動詞原形）和動名詞（動詞 -ing）是一對容易被混淆的結(jié)構(gòu)。它們與特定的動詞搭配可分別組成 “動詞 + to do” 以及 “動詞 + doing” 的形式。如果將動詞后的不定式換成動名詞，句子的意思通常會隨之發(fā)生改變，反之亦然。

在不確定應(yīng)使用哪一個結(jié)構(gòu)來表達你想說的話時，不妨試試這個判斷方法：在表示不真實、抽象或未來發(fā)生的動作時，多用不定式。比如：She wants to eat. 她想吃東西。但也不排除在一些固定搭配中，盡管動作未發(fā)生，但仍應(yīng)使用動名詞而非不定式，比如 “fancy doing something” 想要做某事。在表示真實或已完成的動作時，多用動名詞。比如：He enjoys playing computer games. 他很喜歡玩電腦游戲。同理，有一些已完成的動作，則需要使用不定式而非動名詞，比如 “manage to do something” 成功做成某事。

做八道題，測一測你是否掌握了這兩個常見動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。

1. Even though it was raining heavily, we managed _______ dry under the umbrella.

a) stay

b) staying

c) to staying

d) to stay

2. Do you fancy _______ a film tonight?

a) to watch

b) watching

c) watch

d) to watching

3. I sometimes enjoy _______ late because I can concentrate better when there’s no one in the office.

a) working

b) to work

c) work

d) having worked

4. My parents used to make me _______ my homework as soon as I came home from school.

a) be doing

b) doing

c) to do

d) do

5. He sent me a message on Facebook, but I forgot _______ him my reply.

a) to send

b) to be sending

c) send

d) sending

6. It’s Chen’s birthday next week. How about _______ a table at her favourite restaurant?

a) to book

b) book

c) booking

d) having to book

7. I enjoy _______ to just lie on my sofa reading a good book after a long, hard day at work.

a) able

b) to be able

c) to able

d) being able

8. If you need to get up early tomorrow, I suggest you _______ the alarm clock.

a) fix

b) to fix

c) fixing

d) to be fixing

答案

1) d, 2) b, 3) a, 4) d, 5) a, 6) c, 7) d, 8) a.