進(jìn)化心理學(xué)家羅賓·鄧巴教授（Prof Robin Dunbar）說：“如果不投入時(shí)間和精力去維護(hù)友誼，友誼則會(huì)面臨快速惡化 —— 這個(gè)過程可能只需要三個(gè)月左右。” 他表示，疫情封鎖給人際關(guān)系帶來的壓力，雖然有望是短期的，但這種壓力可能會(huì)對(duì)一些友誼產(chǎn)生長期的影響。

Maintaining a strong social bond takes time and effort. That's according to evolutionary psychologists who studied the social lives of our closest primate relatives. 

維持牢固的社會(huì)聯(lián)系需要時(shí)間和精力。這是進(jìn)化心理學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯苛宋覀兊撵`長類近親的社交生活后得出的結(jié)論。

Whether you're a monkey or a human, the strength of a bond is directly linked to the amount of time you spend together, and a friendship can deteriorate beyond repair in just three months.

不管你是猴子還是人，感情關(guān)系的強(qiáng)弱與你和他人共度時(shí)間的長短有著直接的聯(lián)系，而一段友誼可能在短短的三個(gè)月內(nèi)惡化到無法修復(fù)的地步。 

This, scientists say, is likely to be bad news for what they call our more marginal friendships. Without the reinforcement of a shared workplace or a chat at the school gates, some less valued relationships could be irreparably damaged by lockdown.

科學(xué)家們表示，這個(gè)結(jié)論對(duì)我們所謂的 “邊緣友誼” 可能是個(gè)壞消息。沒有了在共享工作場(chǎng)所或在校門口聊天的強(qiáng)化鞏固，一些不太受重視的關(guān)系可能會(huì)因疫情封鎖而遭受無法彌補(bǔ)的傷害。 

Many people have swapped face-to-face contact for video chats, but the researchers say that this and social distancing has left us deprived of human touch.

許多人已經(jīng)把面對(duì)面的交流形式換成了視頻聊天，但研究人員們表示，這一變化和社交距離的疏遠(yuǎn)讓我們失去了以往待人處事的方式。 

Just like the grooming that chimpanzees spend hours doing, a welcome squeeze on the arm or a cuddle from a friend causes our brains to release pleasure-boosting chemicals. That helps explain why many of us might feel we're fighting a pretty fundamental need for a hug.

就像黑猩猩花數(shù)小時(shí)互相梳理毛發(fā)一樣，朋友熱情地攥一下你的手臂或給你一個(gè)擁抱都會(huì)使我們的大腦釋放出增加愉悅感的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這有助于解釋為什么我們當(dāng)中的許多人在封鎖期間可能在和渴望擁抱的這個(gè)基本需求作斗爭(zhēng)。

詞匯表

social bond 社會(huì)聯(lián)系
evolutionary 進(jìn)化的
deteriorate 惡化
beyond repair 無法修復(fù)的，無法補(bǔ)救的
marginal 邊緣的
reinforcement 增強(qiáng)，鞏固
irreparably 無法彌補(bǔ)地
human touch 平易近人的待人處事方式
squeeze 捏，擠
cuddle 抱，摟抱
pleasure-boosting 增加愉悅感的
fundamental 基本的

閱讀理解：請(qǐng)?jiān)谧x完上文后，回答下列問題。

1. True or false? According to evolutionary psychologists, in order to maintain a friendship, we need to invest time and effort in them.

2. Based on the scientists, how long does it take for a friendship to become irreparable, if you don’t spend time together?

3. While face-to-face contact has become difficult, what have many people switched to?

4. According to the text, why are many of us fighting the need for a hug?

答案

1. True or false? According to evolutionary psychologists, in order to maintain a friendship, we need to invest time and effort in them.
True. Maintaining a strong social bond takes time and effort.

2. Based on the scientists, how long does it take for a friendship to become irreparable, if you don’t spend time together?
It takes in just three months for a friendship to deteriorate beyond repair.

3. While face-to-face contact has become difficult, what have many people switched to?
Many people have switched from face-to-face contact to video chats.

4. According to the text, why are many of us fighting the need for a hug?
The reason many of us fight the need for a hug might be that a welcome squeeze on the arm or a cuddle from a friend causes our brains to release pleasure-boosting chemicals.