本集內(nèi)容

Cancer blood test trial 英國啟動癌癥血檢臨床測試

學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

有關(guān) “medicine（醫(yī)學(xué)）” 的詞匯

邊看邊答

What was wrong with previous tests?

文字稿

In a retail park in Runcorn in Cheshire [England], one of the world’s largest clinical trials is getting underway. 

在英格蘭柴郡朗科恩一個(gè)零售商業(yè)園內(nèi)，世界上規(guī)模最大的臨床試驗(yàn)之一正在進(jìn)行中。

The first of thousands of volunteers are giving blood samples – to be tested for the presence of tiny traces of DNA linked to tumours – a warning of future disease.

首批數(shù)千名志愿者正在提供血樣，以檢測其中是否存在與腫瘤相關(guān)的微量 DNA（脫氧核糖核酸），這是對未來患病可能的一種警告。

Volunteers like Stuart, a serving fire brigade officer.

其中一位志愿者是現(xiàn)役消防員斯圖爾特。

Stuart Devereux, trial volunteer
It seemed a good opportunity to actually become involved with something. Sadly, most of us are touched by cancer at some time in our lives. I thought, well, actually early detection is one thing that is going to help in our armoury against that.

斯圖爾特·德弗羅       試驗(yàn)志愿者
“這看上去是個(gè)好機(jī)會，讓我能真正參與到有意義的事情中去。不幸的是，我們當(dāng)中的大多數(shù)人一生中都會在某個(gè)時(shí)候被癌癥所影響。我想，其實(shí)盡早查出癌癥是幫我們對抗這種情況的一種方式。”

Detecting and treating cancer early is the key to a successful recovery. But some cancers, like those of the head and neck or the pancreas, are hard to spot in the early stages. This blood test could help – and avoid invasive procedures like biopsies.

早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并治療癌癥是成功康復(fù)的關(guān)鍵。但有些癌癥，比如頭頸癌或胰腺癌，在早期很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這種血液測試可能有助改善這一情況，同時(shí)避免活組織檢查這樣的侵入性醫(yī)療程序。

Dominic Hughes, BBC correspondent
For years, scientists have been trying to develop a simple blood test that could detect cancers before any symptoms became obvious, but they really struggled because the tests just weren’t accurate enough -– there were either too many false positives or false negatives. Now, though, they think they have made a real breakthrough.

多米尼克·休斯       BBC通訊員
“多年來，科學(xué)家們一直在嘗試研究出一種簡單的血液檢測方法，可以在任何癥狀變得明顯之前檢測出癌癥，但他們著實(shí)遇到了難題，因?yàn)橹暗臋z測結(jié)果不夠準(zhǔn)確，要么假陽性率過高，要么假陰性率過高。但現(xiàn)在，他們認(rèn)為終于取得了突破性進(jìn)展。”

Sir Harpal Kumar, President, GRAIL Europe
So, technology is really what’s made the difference here. First of all, we need to be able to detect really minute quantities of DNA in our blood, and our ability to do that has improved markedly over the last several years.

哈帕爾·庫馬爾爵士       GRAIL（生物醫(yī)藥科技公司）歐洲主管
“技術(shù)是助我們?nèi)〉猛黄频恼嬲苿恿ΑＪ紫?，我們需要能夠檢測出血液中極微量的 DNA（脫氧核糖核酸），而我們的檢測能力在過去幾年間有了顯著的提升。

The second thing is the power of modern computing really – so we’ve looked at data from tens of thousands of people, and we’ve used that data to really optimise the test.

其次，還要?dú)w功于現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的強(qiáng)大，我們研究了數(shù)萬人的數(shù)據(jù)，并利用這些數(shù)據(jù)對測試進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。”

This is just the start of a clinical trial, but if the promise of this simple test is fulfilled, it could mark the beginning of a revolution in cancer treatment.

這僅僅是一次臨床試驗(yàn)的開始，但如果這項(xiàng)簡單的檢查能達(dá)成預(yù)期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就可能標(biāo)志著一場癌癥治療革命的開始。

詞匯

blood samples 血液樣本

tumours 腫瘤

early detection （疾病的）早期發(fā)現(xiàn)

invasive procedures 侵入性醫(yī)療程序

symptoms 癥狀

問題答案

They were not accurate enough.