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一位網友想知道單詞 “need” 作常規(guī)動詞和作情態(tài)動詞時的用法。雖然常規(guī)動詞 “need” 和情態(tài)動詞 “need” 的意思都是 “需要”，但用法不同。在 “I need water.” 中，“need” 的詞性是什么？情態(tài)動詞 “need” 的否定形式是什么？聽節(jié)目，學習如何正確使用半情態(tài)動詞 “need”。

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（關于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。）

Phil
Hi, this is Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Phil.

Jiaying
… and I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目中要回答的問題來自一位網友。問題是這樣的：

Question
您好！我在學習中遇到了 “need” 作為常規(guī)動詞和情態(tài)動詞的用法：

Maybe I need to make a calendar for you.
Maybe I need make a calendar for you.

這兩句話中 “need” 的用法有錯誤嗎？

Phil
Thank you so much for that question! 'Need' is a little tricky, so I definitely think we should have a close look at it.

Jiaying
“Need” 是半情態(tài)動詞，也就是說它既可以作情態(tài)動詞，也可以作常規(guī)動詞使用。 “Need” 的這兩種用法之間，有哪些區(qū)別呢？

Phil
Let's start by looking at how it works as a main verb.

Jiaying
好，先來看 “need” 作常規(guī)動詞時的用法。第一個用法是：如果某人 “need to do something”，意思就是 “必須履行、不得不、需要做某事”，沒有其它的選擇。

Phil
Yes, and don't forget that when you use 'need' as a main verb before another verb, we put the other verb in the infinitive, and that's always with 'to'.

Jiaying
別忘了，“need” 作常規(guī)動詞時，后可接不定式 “to do”，也就是 “need to do something（必須、需要做某事）”。來聽兩個例句。

Examples
You need to study hard before your exam.
（考試前你需要努力學習。）

I need to find out what the questions are going to be about!
（我得弄清考題是關于什么內容的！）

Jiaying
“Need” 作常規(guī)動詞時的第二個用法是：“need + 名詞或名詞短語”，表示 “需要某物或某人”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
You need a calculator for the exam.
（考試時你需要一個計算器。）

I just need a good teacher who can help me!
（我只是需要一位能幫助我的好老師！ ）

Jiaying
在上面的兩個例句中，常規(guī)動詞 “need” 后接名詞或名詞短語，表示 “需要某物或某人”。

與英語中的大多數動詞一樣，常規(guī)動詞 “need” 的否定形式是在它的前面加上 “don't” 或 “doesn't”，也就是 “don't need” 或 “doesn't need”，意思是 “不需要，不想要”，而不是 “必須不”。我們來聽兩個例句。

Examples
You don't need to bring paper – it's supplied.
（你不需要帶紙，到時候會提供給你的。）

She doesn't need to prepare – she knows everything!
（她不需要為考試做準備，她什么都知道！）

Phil
To make questions, we use the auxiliary 'do'.

Jiaying
在疑問句中，根據主語的人稱，應用 “do” 或 “does” 等助動詞開頭。聽兩個例句。

Examples
Do I need to arrive early?
（我需要早到嗎？）

Does she need to register when she arrives?
（她到達考場時需要登記嗎？）

Jiaying
與英語中的大多數動詞一樣，常規(guī)動詞 “need” 隨人稱和時態(tài)的變化而產生變化。

Examples
She needs to pass the exam for her job.
（她為了工作需要通過考試。）

I needed to pass lots of exams to get this job.
（當時我需要通過很多考試才得到這份工作。）

Phil
So, going back to our question – if you say 'Maybe I need to make a calendar for you' – it's a correct way to use 'need' as a main verb – it's followed by the infinitive with 'to'.

Jiaying
所以本期節(jié)目問題中的第一句話是正確的：“Maybe I need to make a calendar for you.” 在這里，“need” 作常規(guī)動詞使用，后接不定式 “to do”。

那么，“need” 作情態(tài)動詞時該怎么用呢？

Phil
Well, two very important things – like other modal verbs, when we use it with another verb, we don't use 'to' with the infinitive.

Examples
No one need know how much you studied, as long as you pass.
（只要你通過考試，沒人需要知道你學了多少。）

The last question needn't be a problem.
（試卷上的最后一道題不是問題。）

Jiaying
大家可能已經發(fā)現了，“need” 作情態(tài)動詞使用時，本身不隨主語的人稱的變化而變化。

Phil
And something else you might have seen is that both sentences had a negative meaning. We only usually use the modal form of 'need' in sentences that talk about absence of obligation.

Jiaying
是的，剛剛的例句都是帶有否定的含義，句中都使用了像 “no one、nothing” 或 “nobody” 這樣的詞。我們通常只用情態(tài)動詞 “need” 來談論 “無需履行的義務”。另外，情態(tài)動詞 “need” 不能與名詞或名詞短語搭配使用。

Examples
Nothing need change – let's carry on like before.
（沒有要改的東西，咱們像以前那樣做下去。）

Nobody need do anything. It's great as it is.
（沒有人需要做任何事情。現在這樣就很好。）

Jiaying
接著再來看本期節(jié)目問題中的第二句話。我們不能說：“Maybe I need make a calendar for you.” 因為這是肯定句，所以 “need” 不能作情態(tài)動詞使用。

Phil
While we're talking about negatives with the modal form of 'need', it's important to point out that, like with other modal verbs, we make the negative by putting 'not' after 'need' – and it's often contracted to 'needn't'.

Jiaying
“Need” 作情態(tài)動詞使用時，它的否定形式是 “need + not”，常縮寫為 “needn't”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
He needn't tell me. I don't need to know.
（他不必告訴我，我不需要知道。）

You needn't buy any more books – these are enough.
（你不需要再買書了，這些就夠了。）

Jiaying
同樣，當情態(tài)動詞 “need” 用在疑問句中時，“need” 放在主語前。聽兩個例句。

Examples
Need I study everything?
（我需要學習所有的東西嗎？）

Need I bring a pen?
（我需要帶鋼筆嗎？）

Phil
One final point is to mention that the modal form of 'need' can often sound quite formal.

Jiaying
對的，當 “need” 作情態(tài)動詞使用時，聽上去比較正式。

Phil
OK, we hope that's answered your question!

Jiaying
歡迎你來信提問，我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。你也可以發(fā)郵件給我們，郵箱地址是：questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 謝謝收聽 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。Bye, everyone!

Phil
Bye!